Geophysical modeling involves using physics-based models to simulate and predict the behavior of Earth's subsurface based on measured geophysical data. This research area encompasses a wide range of techniques, including gravity, magnetic, seismic, and electromagnetic modeling, to better understand the structure and composition of the Earth's interior. Geophysical modeling is used in various fields such as mineral exploration, oil and gas prospecting, earthquake monitoring, and environmental studies. By integrating data from different geophysical methods, researchers can create detailed 3D representations of the Earth's subsurface, allowing for improved understanding and interpretation of geological processes.